自吸泵常見的9大故障與解決方案

自吸泵是一種在吸上條件下具有一定抽氣能力的離心泵，其主要是將氣液混合原理與泵的特殊結構相結合來進行氣體的抽吸，在泵吸入管路內能夠達到一定程度的真空狀態，從而實現離心功能。下面由湖南中易泵業小編介紹下自吸泵常見故障與解決方案。

一、自吸泵響聲大原因：
自吸泵的揚程不足，水泵無法吸入水井內的水，會造成水泵的響聲較大。解決方法：換一個實際楊程足大功率的水泵，就可以解決了水泵聲音大的問題了。原因：從水井水位到壓力罐的這段管道，接口有進氣或漏氣的情況，導致空氣進入，從而引起水泵有響聲。解決方法：重新檢查水井水位到壓力罐的這段管道和接口處是否有有漏氣情況，然后重新換接。

二、自吸泵無法啟動首先應檢查電源供電情況：
接頭連接是否牢靠；開關接觸是否緊密；保險絲是否熔斷；三相供電的是否缺相等。如有斷路、接觸不良、保險絲熔斷、缺相，應查明原因并及時進行修復。其次檢查是否是水泵自身的機械故障，常見的原因有：填料太緊或葉輪與泵體之間被雜物卡住而堵塞；泵軸、軸承、減漏環銹住；泵軸嚴重彎曲等。排除方法：放松填料，疏通引水槽；拆開泵體清除雜物、除銹；拆下泵軸校正或更換新的泵軸。

三、自吸泵發熱原因：
軸承損壞；滾動軸承或托架蓋間隙過小；泵軸彎曲或兩軸不同心；膠帶太緊；缺油或油質不好；葉輪上的平衡孔堵塞，葉輪失去平衡，增大了向一邊的推力。排除方法：更換軸承；拆除后蓋，在托架與軸承座之間加裝墊片；調查泵軸或調整兩軸的同心度；適當調松膠帶緊度；加注干凈的黃油，黃油占軸承內空隙的60%左右；清除平衡孔內的堵塞物。

四、電機部分問題：
接通電源后無反應。原因：多數是電源插頭、電源引出線和電機繞組短路所致。問題：難啟動或不能啟動，且伴有“嗡嗡”的聲音。排除方法：檢修時可用小竹片按運轉方向快速撥動風葉，若電機迅速運轉起來，說明是啟動電容或啟動繞組損壞，應更換相同容量的電容或修理啟動繞組；若電機發卡，多是電機和泵頭的機械故障，如軸承損壞、葉輪卡死等。問題：電機能運轉，但轉速慢，且機殼過熱、有燒焦臭味。排除方法：多數是電機繞組短路所致，應拆開電機，視損壞情況分別采用焊接、跳線、隔離、重繞等措施修復。問題：運轉時噪聲大、振動大。排除方法：多數是軸承損壞或軸承與機殼的配合不當，需拆開電機檢查，若是軸承損壞應更換；若軸承跑外圓，可對泵殼的配合面采用鏨花處理；若軸承跑內圓，可對電機軸的磨損部位采用鏨花處理，磨損嚴重的，采用先堆焊后車削的方法修復。

五、自吸泵流量不足原因：
動力轉速不配套或皮帶打滑，使轉速偏低；軸流泵葉片安裝角太小；揚程不足，管路太長或管路有直角彎；吸程偏高；底閥、管路及葉輪局部堵塞或葉輪缺損；出水管漏水嚴重。排除方法：恢復額定轉速，清除皮帶油垢，調整好皮帶緊度；調好葉片角，降低水泵安裝位置，縮短管路或改變管路的彎曲度；密封水泵漏氣處，壓緊填料；清除堵塞物，更換葉輪；更換減漏環，堵塞漏水處。

六、自吸泵吸不上水原因：
泵(beng)(beng)體內有空氣(qi)或進水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)積氣(qi)，或是底閥關(guan)閉不嚴灌引水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)不滿(man)、真空泵(beng)(beng)填(tian)料嚴重(zhong)漏氣(qi)，閘閥或拍門關(guan)閉不嚴。排除方法：先把水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壓上來，再將泵(beng)(beng)體注(zhu)滿(man)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，然后(hou)開機。同時(shi)檢(jian)查(cha)逆止閥是否嚴密(mi)，管(guan)(guan)路、接頭(tou)(tou)(tou)有無漏氣(qi)現象，如發現漏氣(qi)，拆(chai)卸后(hou)在(zai)(zai)接頭(tou)(tou)(tou)處涂上潤滑油(you)或調(diao)合漆，并擰緊(jin)(jin)螺(luo)絲(si)。檢(jian)查(cha)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)軸(zhou)的(de)(de)油(you)封環，如磨損嚴重(zhong)應更換新件。管(guan)(guan)路漏水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)或漏氣(qi)。可能安裝時(shi)螺(luo)帽(mao)擰得不緊(jin)(jin)。若滲漏不嚴重(zhong),可在(zai)(zai)漏氣(qi)或漏水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)地方涂抹水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥,或涂用瀝青油(you)拌和的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥漿。臨時(shi)性的(de)(de)修(xiu)理可涂些(xie)濕泥或軟肥皂(zao)。若在(zai)(zai)接頭(tou)(tou)(tou)處漏水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),則(ze)可用扳手擰緊(jin)(jin)螺(luo)帽(mao),如漏水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)嚴重(zhong)則(ze)必須重(zhong)新拆(chai)裝，更換有裂紋(wen)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)子；降低揚程，將水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)口壓入水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)下0.5m。

七、泵頭部分問題：
電機正常運轉但出水量少或根本不出水。這種情況應首先檢查水泵的密封，檢查時應先拔下電源插頭，用手堵住吸水口，把水泵灌滿水，用嘴銜住出口使勁往里吹氣，觀察泵頭是否漏水，漏水之處也就是密封損壞之處。常見的故障部位有吸水口墊、出水口墊、葉輪蓋墊，維修時應更換。若無滿水現象，多是葉輪損壞、吸水室和出水室之間的擋水內隔蝕穿、泵頭擋水隔磨平、葉輪和泵殼的間隙增大等，應更換葉輪和泵殼。更換趺輪時應注意徹底清除泵內殘余的銅葉片，以免再次損壞新葉輪。問題：機殼帶電。多數是水封損壞，水通過電機軸滲入電機內使電機絕緣性能惡化所致，可采用更換水封、烘干電機等方法修復。需要注意的是，因為水泵長期與水接觸和露天工作，極易受潮而造成絕緣性能惡化，為了保證人身安全，電動自吸泵應可靠接地。問題：自吸泵劇烈震動原因：電動轉子不平衡；聯軸器結合不良；軸承磨損彎曲；轉動部分的零件松動、破裂；管路支架不牢等原因。排除方法：可分別采取調整、修理、加固、校直、更換等辦法處理。

八、不上水或者水量小排除方法：
首先看一下水泵此時運行的電流和平常運行時候的電流差別有多大。如果比平時運行時候小(基本上就是平時電流的2.3)，那么就有葉輪磨損、泵頭最上面的止逆閥堵塞等問題。如果和平時電流一樣大，那么就是管墊漏水、管子漏水、泵體漏水等問題。如果比平時運行的時候電流大，那么基本上可以確定是易損件磨損的問題。另外補充一點，電纜如果破損的話，水量跟平時是一樣大，但是電流會變大。

九、配套動力電動機過熱四大原因一是電源方面的原因：
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓偏高(gao)或(huo)(huo)偏低(di)，在特定(ding)負(fu)載下，若電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓變動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)范圍應(ying)(ying)在額(e)定(ding)值的(de)(de)(de)＋10%至(zhi)-5%之(zhi)外會造(zao)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)過(guo)(guo)(guo)熱(re)(re)；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)三(san)相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓不(bu)對(dui)稱，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)三(san)相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓相(xiang)間(jian)不(bu)平衡度(du)超(chao)過(guo)(guo)(guo)5%，會引繞組過(guo)(guo)(guo)熱(re)(re)；缺(que)(que)相(xiang)運行(xing)(xing)，經(jing)驗(yan)表明農用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)被燒(shao)(shao)毀85%以上(shang)(shang)(shang)是(shi)(shi)由于缺(que)(que)相(xiang)運行(xing)(xing)造(zao)成的(de)(de)(de)。排(pai)除(chu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)：應(ying)(ying)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)安裝缺(que)(que)相(xiang)保護(hu)裝置(zhi)。二是(shi)(shi)水(shui)泵(beng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因(yin)：選用(yong)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力不(bu)配套，小馬拉大車，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)長時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)載運行(xing)(xing)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)過(guo)(guo)(guo)高(gao)；啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)于頻繁、定(ding)額(e)為短時(shi)(shi)(shi)或(huo)(huo)斷續工(gong)作制的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)連續工(gong)作。排(pai)除(chu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)：應(ying)(ying)限(xian)制啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)次數，正(zheng)確選用(yong)熱(re)(re)保護(hu)，按電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)(shang)標定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)定(ding)額(e)使用(yong)。三(san)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)本身的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因(yin)：接法(fa)(fa)(fa)錯誤，將(jiang)△形(xing)誤接成Y形(xing)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)迅速(su)升高(gao)；定(ding)子繞組有相(xiang)間(jian)短路、匝間(jian)短路或(huo)(huo)局部接地，輕(qing)時(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)局部過(guo)(guo)(guo)熱(re)(re)，嚴重時(shi)(shi)(shi)絕緣燒(shao)(shao)壞；鼠(shu)籠轉(zhuan)子斷條(tiao)或(huo)(huo)存在缺(que)(que)陷(xian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)運行(xing)(xing)1至(zhi)2小時(shi)(shi)(shi)，鐵(tie)(tie)芯溫(wen)(wen)度(du)迅速(su)上(shang)(shang)(shang)升。排(pai)除(chu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)：通風系(xi)統發(fa)生故(gu)(gu)障，應(ying)(ying)檢查(cha)風扇是(shi)(shi)否(fou)損壞，旋轉(zhuan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)向是(shi)(shi)否(fou)正(zheng)確，通風孔(kong)道是(shi)(shi)否(fou)堵(du)塞；軸承磨損、轉(zhuan)子偏心掃膛(tang)使定(ding)轉(zhuan)子鐵(tie)(tie)心相(xiang)擦(ca)發(fa)出金屬撞擊聲，鐵(tie)(tie)芯溫(wen)(wen)度(du)迅速(su)上(shang)(shang)(shang)升，嚴重時(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)冒(mao)煙，甚至(zhi)線圈燒(shao)(shao)毀。四(si)是(shi)(shi)工(gong)作環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因(yin)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組受(shou)潮或(huo)(huo)灰塵、油污等(deng)附著(zhu)在繞組上(shang)(shang)(shang)，導致絕緣降低(di)。應(ying)(ying)測量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻并進行(xing)(xing)清掃、干燥處理(li)；環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)過(guo)(guo)(guo)高(gao)。當環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)超(chao)過(guo)(guo)(guo)35℃時(shi)(shi)(shi)，進風溫(wen)(wen)度(du)高(gao)，會使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)過(guo)(guo)(guo)高(gao)。排(pai)除(chu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)：應(ying)(ying)設(she)法(fa)(fa)(fa)改善其(qi)工(gong)作環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)。如(ru)搭棚遮陽等(deng)。溫(wen)(wen)馨提(ti)示：上(shang)(shang)(shang)面介紹了自吸泵(beng)常出現的(de)(de)(de)九大故(gu)(gu)障和處理(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，如(ru)因(yin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因(yin)發(fa)生故(gu)(gu)障，應(ying)(ying)請獲得專業資格證書的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)維修，一(yi)知半解的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)不(bu)可盲(mang)目維修，防止(zhi)人(ren)身傷害(hai)事故(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生。